The Sumatra Earthquake of December 26, 2004

A minute before 8 oclock in the morning local time, a colossal earthquake began to shake the northern part of Sumatra and the Andaman Sea to its north. Seven minutes later a stretch of the Indonesian subduction zone 1200 kilometers long had slipped by an average distance of 15 meters. The moment magnitude of the event was eventually estimated as 9.3, making it one of the largest recorded earthquakes since seismographs were invented around 1900. The shaking was felt throughout southeastern Asia and caused devastation in northern Sumatra and in the Nicobar and Andaman Islands. The local intensity reached IX on the 12-point Mercalli scale in the Sumatran capital of Banda Aceh, a level that causes universal damage and widespread collapse of structures. Though the intensity of shaking did not reach the maximum on the scale, the motion lasted for several minutes—the duration of shaking is the main difference between magnitude 8 and 9 events. A large tsunami triggered by the earthquake spread outward from off the Sumatran coast. The worst part of it washed away whole cities in Indonesia, but every country on the shore of the Indian Ocean was also affected. In Indonesia, some 240,000 people died from the quake and tsunami combined. About 47,000 more people died, from Thailand to Tanzania, when the tsunami struck without warning during the next few hours. This earthquake was the first magnitude-9 event to be recorded by the Global Seismographic Network (GSN), a worldwide set of 137 top-grade instruments. The nearest GSN station, in Sri Lanka, recorded 9.2 cm of vertical motion without distortion. Compare this to 1964, when the machines of the World Wide Standardized Seismic Network were knocked off scale for hours by the March 27 Alaskan quake. The Sumatra earthquake proves that the GSN network is robust and sensitive enough to use for expanded tsunami detection and warnings if the right resources can be spent on supporting instrumentation and facilities. The GSN data includes some eye-popping facts. At every spot on Earth, the ground was raised and lowered at least a full centimeter by the seismic waves from Sumatra. The Rayleigh surface waves traveled around the planet several times before dissipating. Seismic energy was released at such long wavelengths that they were a substantial fraction of the Earths circumference. Their interference patterns formed standing waves, like the rhythmic oscillations in a large soap bubble. In effect, the Sumatra earthquake made the Earth ring with these free oscillations like a hammer rings a bell. The notes of the bell, or normal vibrational modes, are at extremely low frequencies: the two strongest modes have periods of about 35.5 and 54 minutes. These oscillations died out within a few weeks. Another mode, the so-called breathing mode, consists of the whole Earth rising and falling at once with a period of 20.5 minutes. This pulse was detectable for several months afterward. (A startling paper by Cinna Lomnitz and Sara Nilsen-Hopseth suggests that the tsunami was actually powered by these normal modes.) IRIS, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, has compiled scientific results from the Sumatra earthquake on a special page with plenty of background  information. The U.S. Geological Survey also offers a number of beginner and non-technical resources about the quake. At the time, commentators from the scientific community decried the absence of a tsunami warning system in the Indian and Atlantic oceans, 40 years after the Pacifics system began. That was a scandal. But a greater scandal was the fact that so many people, including thousands of supposedly well-educated first-world citizens who were there on vacation, just stood there and died as the clear signs of disaster arose before their eyes. That was a failure of education. A video about the 1998 New Guinea tsunami—was all it took to save the lives of a whole village in Vanuatu in 1999. Just a video! If each school in Sri Lanka, each mosque in Sumatra, each TV station in Thailand had shown such a video once in a while, what would the story have been instead that day?

Demography s Classic Transition Theory - 1464 Words

Demography s classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. Countries begin in the pre-transition phase where high mortality and high birth rates create slow population growth, which is considered a traditional society. The second phase is the transition where slowing mortality rates and high birth rates produce raid population growth. During this stage birth rate should begin to fall if the country is actively attempting to become a modern society. In the final stage low birth rates and low mortality rates bring the population growth back to a slow or stagnant pace, which is a modern society†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the understanding of factors such as gender to be social constructed and uniquely situated in cultural contexts enables the political economy theory to explain how reproduction is constructed differently across time and space. Moreover, the anthropological foundation of the political economy theory forces such theories to account for the standard of living in its understanding of positive reproductive scenarios. A greater understanding of these theories divergent nature occurs when viewing reproductive systems under both lenses. One reproductive behavior that appears radically different when compared under both theories is the system of Birth Spacing in the Congo. Nacy Rose Hunt presents this practice in her article, Le Bebe en Brousse: European women, African Birth Spacing and Colonial Intervention in Breast Feeding in the Belgian Congo. Birth spacing was a cultural practice where women abstained from sexual intercourse for two or three years while they were breast-feeding (Hunt 1988: 404). This practice aided maternal and infant health and was widely practiced before colonial domination (Hunt 1988: 401). However, the practice lessened under colonial occupation and created an increase i n population growth. Under the political economy framework the effect of colonialism and its pro-natalist values best explains the

Balsara Used to Its Advantage Free Essays

Explain the environmental factors which Balsara used to its advantage. BALSARA USED TO ITS ADVANTAGE IN INDIA. – with clove oil (which has been traditionally regarded in India as an effective deterrent to tooth decay and tooth ache) as a unique selling proposition IN MALAYSIA – There was good response to Miswak also in the Muslim dominated Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on Balsara Used to Its Advantage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its promotion highlighted the fact that miswak (Latin Name : Salvadora Persica) was a plant that had been used for centuries by as a tooth cleaning twig. It had reference in Koran. Quoting from Faizal-E-Miswak, it was pointed out that prophet Mohammed used â€Å"miswak before sleeping at night and after awakening. ’’ The religious appeal in the promotion was reinforced by the findings of scientists all over the world, including Arabic ones, of the antibacterial property of clove and its ability to prevent tooth decay and gums. IN USA – Market intelligence revealed that there was a growing preference in the advanced counties for nature based products. Balsara tied up with Auromere Imports Inc. (AAII), Los Angeles. An agency established by American followers of Aurobindo, an Indian philosopher saint. Eight months of intensive R D enabled Balsara to develop a tooth paste containing 24 herbal ingredients that would satisfy the required parameter. Auromere was voted as the No. 1 toothpaste in North Eastern USA ————— The product line was extended by introducing several variants of Auromere. A saccharine free toothpaste was introduced. It was found that mint and menthol were taboo for users of homoeopathic medicines. So a product free of such mints was developed. Auromere Fresh Mint for the young and Auromere Cina Mint containing a combination of cinnamon and peppermint were also introduced BALSARA EXPLOITED THESE SENTIMENTS. In the case of Balsara: there was increased demand for products which were herbal, organic etc from the customers. The marketing mix was designed to take advantage of the same whereby it included natural and herbal products and private label brands to customers who were willing to pay for the same. How to cite Balsara Used to Its Advantage, Essay examples

Cleanthes Essay Example For Students

Cleanthes Essay Cleanthes is trying to argue, using the analogy of the Watch and the Watchmaker, that an intelligent designer must be assumed for the purpose-revealing watch, so an intelligent Grand Designer may be inferred in explaining the purpose-revealing world. Both products, the world and watch, reveal an intricate and positive design; thus, each has to have its own intelligent designer. Also, because the universe is like a watch, we can infer it has an intelligent designer by the fact that it may be proved to be mechanical through mathematical concepts. In a watch several parts are put together for a purpose. The parts are together in a particular formation, so there must be reasons for its placement, giving away its cause of existence. Given that the watch has a purpose, this obvious design would force one to conclude the watch must have had a maker. Perfection, like that in a watch, needs a creator because the coincidence or chance of being made without a creator is highly unlikely. The bel ief that a watchmaker will always exists, even if the individual does or know a watchmaker or has seen a watch made, no other explanation of a watchs existence could be feasible or logical without believing that there was once a watchmaker. Whether the contraption works or not is not the focus; the focus is on whether a plan has been made for the instrument to reveal that a design was intended.In very complex machines, missing or undiscovered parts are more likely to arise; yet, such disorder would no doubt make an individual more curious as to the objects purpose. Although in some cases, a part may seem useless, the individual would continue to question and wonder what purpose that part serves. No one could believe that the watch was assembled together with sheer luck; therefore, an intelligent designer exists. The watch is definitely not made by the principle of order and it is not believable to say or think that the watch was not invented. Design cannot exist without the designer . Every appearance of design, which exists in the watch, exists in the works of nature. While the world is far more complex than a simplistic instrument, like a watch, it is no different when compared at the base levels, especially when seeing that both are so mechanical, showing elements of order. Hume sets out the argument from design to prove that the universe is like a watch. He emphasizes the concepts of cause and effect, where like effects prove like causes, as he portrays himself through his spokesperson Cleanthes. From observed features of the natural world, Cleanthes argues a posteriori that the existence of a creator may be inferred. Like the concept of cause and effect, his main principle is that similar effects have similar causes. For example, the basis of comparison for a watch and the universe is that both are mechanical and function based on a set of orders; thus, intelligent designers, either divine or human, probably contrived each. Cleanthes tells the reader to co ntemplate the whole and every part of the world because it is nothing but one great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines, which again admit of subdivisions.In other words, the structure of his argument is based on the premises that the world (or one of its parts) resembles a machine in some aspects. Based on personal experience, humans know that other machines, the watch per se, have been created by intelligent designers; therefore, the world is the creation of an intelligent designer. Cleanthes emphasizes on the fundamental elements of order within the universe as reasons to show how the world functions so incredibly. Such intricacy requires a reason and meaning behind it. If each object has a purpose based on this theory, then someone, confirming the existence of a designer or creator, must have given those purposes. The principle of similar effects and similar causes is used to explain how an instrument like a watch or universe works within mans existence. Since the universe and a watch have similar effects in that both are the productions of human means, through the principle, it is easily assumed that there must be a similar cause, which is that these products were created through an intelligent designer. Here, the intelligent designer for the universe is a divine existence and for the watch is man. Although the deity must be great and powerful, in certain ways, it may be similar to humans, in that both possess intelligence and purpose. .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .postImageUrl , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:hover , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:visited , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:active { border:0!important; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:active , .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653 .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud53d86ee08351432ced0587b327ca653:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pride And Prejudice: Elizabeth EssayThrough the character Philo, Hume acts as a skeptic who criticizes the argument from design. I agree with Philos notion that the design argument is based on a faulty analogy. Humans do not know if an order in the creation or purpose of the world exists because they did see or know the exact the process. In comparison, the production of a watch may be observed therefore the intelligent designer exists, but the same theory of similar causes and effects may not be applied to such a grandeur object. The immensity of the universe definitely weakens the comparisons to human products. In the occasion in that the less similar the effect, it is i nferred that the less probably that the concepts have to similar cause. Also, changing the domain of the argument will diminish the similarities between effect and cause. Philo states that but wherever you depart, in the least, from the similarity of the cases, you diminish proportionally the evidence; and may at last bring it to a very weak analogy, which is confessedly liable to error and uncertaintythe great disproportion bars all comparison and inference. In other words, the low similarity between the objects brings about a lower probability of the face. There are many different ways in which changes may occur. An example of that is the level of intelligence between designersobviously, a deity would by far be greater and knowledgeable than man. The sign of intelligence exhibited in a small part of the universe, like in the watch, cannot be extended as a theory for the entire universe. Although comparisons are needed to make a conclusion, such an unbalance, as in the case of the watch and the universe, is an unfair judgment. As opposed to generalizing the topics, it would be better to take into account each individual fact to make a better and stronger argument. Words/ Pages : 1,108 / 24

Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Accounting and Auditing Research for Tools and Strategies. Answer: Introduction Cash Converters International Limitedis a company registered in Australia which provides services of pawnbroking as well as providing small loans to needy customers. It also operates in US, UK and South Africa etc. the Company began its operations in 1984 from Perth, Western Australia and soon spread its wing to many other cities. The services are generally limited to retail buying and selling, pawnbroking and providing small scale financial loans. The Cash Converter Limited also engaged in Buyback agreements. However, this was only made available in its UK operations. Under this service, a customer would sell an item which has monetary value at a cash converter outlet and then would be eligible to buyback the same item by paying the amount borrowed plus a fee. At present, it is estimated that the fee is approximately 32.5% and the same is considered quite high. Analysis of the issue, faced by Cash Converters under the relevant ethical theories, and code of ethics for professional accountants. Apayday loanis a kind of loan which is given to an individual who wants to avail the same like a salary loan or a cash advance. In most cases the loan is linked to the borrowers payment day. These loans are unsecured and thus has great amount of risk to the lender. Cash converter company is one of the biggest payday lenders in Australia. In Australia, the regulations prevent any lender to charge in excess of 48% APR on such short duration loans. However, in general the prevailing rates vary between 36% to 40%(Hargovan, 2014). In one instance a low-income woman form Victoria was issued 23 payday loans and also granted 76 pawnbroking agreements by the company in between 2013-2015 and under those agreements the low-income woman as required to pay interest which ranged from 360% APR to 420% APR. in general many payday and pawnbroking loans issued by Cash Converters were found to be violating responsible regulations of lending and inflicted uncalled for hardship on unsuspecting borrowers in Australia and elsewhere(Weirich, 2013). There were concerns amid reports that despite widespread reporting and an investigation by the ASIC into the matter the unethical practice of charging exorbitant interest and other fees continued by the Cash converter company. Unethical practices: Issued loans without verifying the customers ability to pay. The loans were issued again and again against existing norms. The company followed its own internal norms and ditched the regulatory requirements. This advocated a practice of over-indebtedness. As per reports of the NCA or the National Credit Act the issuance of loans to those who cant afford to pay amounts to reckless lending by the payday lenders including Cash Converters(Kane, 2015). Professional accountants are needed to be straight forward and full of integrity in communicating with the consumers and clients. Integrity in general implies being truthful to the client and indulge in fair dealing. A professional accountant is mandated to not indulge in communications which are believed to be or he / she has reasons to believe that such communication includes false information and hides required and material information. The professional accountants are also required to report information which they believe if omitted to be communicated would surely amount to misleading information. However, in the case of the cash converters pawnbroking and payday loans the integrity of the companys accountants were clearly breached and they failed to communicate the terms of the same to their clients and the regulators(Picker, 2015). Explain how this unethical practice was portrayed in the annual report of Cash Converters, and how the companys share price, was affected? After being subjected to an investigation regarding unethical practices adopted in lending to small scale borrowers by ASIC and settling for paying the class action suit by a payment of over $23 m the Lender company cash converter has decided to amortize an amount of $13m in the year 2015-2016. The amortization of the amount was provisioned to make way for any fines resulting from compliance issues. However, the ASIC investigation was criticized to be half baked as refunds of extra fees collected form borrowers were settled for those borrowers who borrowed form cash converter through online means and no refunds were issued to those who borrowed form their sores by physical means(Eisen, 2013). After investigations by the ASIC and payouts to more than 118,000 borrowers in a $11m approx. settlement and a further fine of $1.35m, the Cash converter company took steps to reduce unethical business practices in all lendings. This has reduced the companys profits in the first half of the 2016-2017 FY by 27% as against the previous years and profits form the personal loan segment fell by over 20% in the same period. However, during the previous years, the company registered considerable amount of growth in these segments. The company has attributed the lowering of the margins to lowering of the lending volumes possibly because more consumers are now aware of the higher interest charges and hidden fees in these short-term borrowings(Luenberger, 2012). The profits were higher on the back higher fees and interest charged by the company and this helped the companys stock prices to zoom in the past. Profits in the personal short term loan segment were much higher than what could possibly be earned through responsible lending and this impacted investor in the market. However, the stock prices in the last 6 months have shown considerable amount of decline. The stock prices of the company were higher at $1.30 as on 01-Sep-2013 but the same declined consistently in the last 4 years to reach a lower level of $.32 as of March 1, 2017. The volume of trading the companys stocks have declined as well. This shows that the companys capability to survive the crisis is being questioned by the investors(Kane, 2015). Discuss the social responsibility and sustainability of a financial institutions, in general and of Cash Converters, in particular. Payday lending in Australia was found to be a business model under which the borrowers and the consumers were not benefitted form the expansion of the market at all. Since July 2013, the payday lending has been capped under cost (48% maximum APR) but the same has not been able to deter the cash lenders or payday lenders form charging exorbitant fees form the unscrupulous borrowers. The research made by the Consumer Action Law Centre found that only 10% of the borrowers of cash as payday etc. are borrowing considering the charges and fees to be paid whereas the majority of the borrowers borrowed from a particular borrower because they found their location nearer to their homes and 17% approx. borrowed from the same lender from whom they have borrowed before. These data clearly demonstrate the fact that the borrowers on the street was unaware of the legal stipulations and the same was fully exploited by the lenders and charged as per their own policies and clearly violating all forms o f regulatory requirements(Consumer Action Law Centre , 2014). Consumer Action Law Centre also found in its research that with a rapid increase in the no of payday lenders in the Australian Market the borrowing rates were suppled to lower on the long term. However, from 1998 onwards it was found that despite a market increase in the no of lenders in the market the rates did not fall at all which was a sharp contrast to the market economics and the same was actually seen to have increased because of hidden charges and greed of the lenders like Cash Converter etc. Financial experts and consumer rights experts have argued in the recent past that the Cash Converters knowingly targeted those borrowers who had very little income and those who has very little knowledge of finance. These issuances of loans often indulge in aggressive marketing, blatant loan terms and creates a form of vicious loan and debt cycles which becomes very difficult to break by the borrowers in many case. The loan collection policies followed by Cash Converter was quite coerciv e as well. These behaviors practiced by cash converter was against not only unethical but also anti-social behavior and not desirable. It has also come to light during ASIC investigation that the terms of the loans was deliberately not told to the borrower until the loan terms becomes due(Hargovan, 2014). Conclusion Consumer Action Law Centre also found in its research that with a rapid increase in the no of payday lenders in the Australian Market the borrowing rates were suppled to lower on the long term. However, from 1998 onwards it was found that despite a market increase in the no of lenders in the market the rates did not fall at all which was a sharp contrast to the market economics and the same was actually seen to have increased because of hidden charges and greed of the lenders like Cash Converter etc(Lekakis, 2017). Cash Converter management have categorically stated in recent months that they have changed their model of doing business and adhered to regulatory principles. As a result, the no borrowers have increased online while the number of customers availing the services in stores have declined. However, those who are involved with investigation and litigation like the Consumer center for research have been skeptical of the commitment of the cash lending industry in adhering to and adopting a more responsible lending approach and not supporting over indebtedness(Atrill Eddie, 2012). While it is estimated that cash lending volumes exceed $1bn in a single financial year in Australia, the capacity and the willingness of the industry undertaking change of approach is still questionable and remains to be seen. Bibliography Atrill, P. Eddie, M., 2012. Accounting and Finance. 5th ed. LONDON: Prentice Hall Financial Times. Banister, J. D. . P., 2015. Austrlaian Financial Planning Handbook. Sydney : Thomson Reuters. Brearly, M. . A., 2012. Corporate finance. 9th ed. Chicago: McGraw Hill Irwin. Butler, C. M., 2015. Can CORPORATE Social RESPONSIBILITY Save Payday Lenders?. Rutgers University Journal of Law and Urban Policy, 1(3), pp. 119-133. Consumer Action Law Centre , 2014. Competition Policy Review Issues Paper, Melbourne: Competition Policy Review Secretariat. Eisen, P. J., 2013. Accounting (Business Review Series). 6th edition ed. NewYork : Barron's Educational Series Inc.,U.S. Hargovan, J. H. . A., 2014. Australian Corporate Law. Melbourne: Lexis Nexis. Kane, Z. B. . A., 2015. Investments. 10th ed. NewYork: McGrawhill Education . Lekakis, G., 2017. Payday lender Cash Converters running low on cash, s.l.: https://thenewdaily.com.au/money/finance-news/2016/08/31/cash-converters-loss/. Luenberger, D. G., 2012. Investment Science. 1st ed. London: Oxford University Press. Picker, R., 2015. Australian Accounting Standards. 1st ed. Melbourne: Earnst and Young Publications. Weirich, T., 2013. Accounting and Auditing Research: Tools and Strategies. 8th Revised edition ed. London: John Wiley Sons;.

Spender And Sankichi Two Views Of Disaster free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Stephen Spender # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Epilogue to a Human Drama # 8221 ; and Toge Sankichi # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; are poems detailing the devastation of two metropoliss, London and Hiroshima, severally, during or after World War II bombardments. Spender wrote # 8220 ; Epilogue to a Human Drama, # 8221 ; afterlife referred to as # 8220 ; Epilogue, # 8221 ; after a December air foray of London during the Battle of Britain, which ravaged and razed much of England from Summer 1940 until Spring 1941. Sankichi wrote # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; from his graphic remembrances of the surprise atomic bombardment of Hiroshima, which decimated the Nipponese metropolis in less than a 2nd. Both the Battle of Britain and Hiroshima were atrocious, senseless, and barbarous incidents that exacted gave tolls on guiltless victims. Spender endured the Battle of Britain, and Sankichi experienced the horror of Hiroshima. The poets # 8217 ; responses differ greatly in manner and position, but each work clearly defines the branchings of atrociousnesss such as those committed against Spender, Sankichi, and the populations of London and Hiroshima. We will write a custom essay sample on Spender And Sankichi Two Views Of Disaster or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page England # 8217 ; s Royal Air Force battled Germany # 8217 ; s Luftwaffe from August 1940 until May 1941. During that struggle, England was subjected to air foraies twenty-four hours and dark. When Hitler eventually withdrew his birds of war, four hundred thousand British citizens had been killed, 46 1000 had been earnestly wounded, and one million places had been leveled. After one foray, a alleviation squad helped a adult female who had covered been covered in powdery brick and plaster and was shed blooding abundantly. As they aided her, she repeated four words continually in a tone of quiet panic: # 8220 ; Man # 8217 ; s inhumaneness to adult male Man # 8217 ; s inhumaneness to adult male # 8221 ; ( Jablonski 148 ) . Stephen Spender was in London for the continuance of the bombardments. He saw the destruction of environing edifices. He heard the monotone of nearing bombers. He smelled the fume of ramping hells. In his autobiography World Within World, Spender describes his mental status during the foraies as a # 8220 ; trance-like status # 8221 ; and depict how he forced himself to believe of topographic points and things as simply mental constructs in order to avoid losing mental control ( 285 ) . Hiroshima # 8217 ; s devastation came without warning. Nipponese High Command, which was located Hiroshima # 8217 ; s ancient palace, was alerted early to the attack of the Enola Gay by an observation station on the island of Shikoku. The High Command elected to sound no air raid warning because they considered it senseless to interrupt work in local armament mills due to a individual plane ( Bruckner 98 ) . At exactly 8:15 AM local clip, the fuse was illuminated inside the falling bomb. Seconds subsequently, in a blinding flash of sheer energy, several million grades of heat were unleashed on the people of Hiroshima. In less than a 2nd, 86 thousand one hundred work forces, adult females, and kids were burned to decease. Seventy-two 1000 were badly injured ; many of who would decease subsequently from atomic bomb illness ( Bruckner 99 ) . Many subsisters of Hiroshima topographic point thanks for their lives on # 8220 ; many little points of opportunity or volition-a measure taken in clip, a determination to travel indoors, catching one street auto alternatively of the following # 8220 ; ( Hersey 30 ) . Toge Sankichi is one such subsister. In the debut to his verse form # 8220 ; Dying, # 8221 ; Sankichi reveals that he was three kilometres from Ground Zero and fixing to see downtown Hiroshima when the bomb detonated ( 29 ) . If he had left a few proceedingss earlier, Sankichi would non hold survived the first few minutes. Alternatively, he sustained cuts from sherds of glass and atomic bomb illness, which may hold contributed to his early death in 1953. Spender # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Epilogue # 8221 ; and Sankichi # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; differ dramatically in presentation. The rubrics illustrate the basic contrast. Spender # 8217 ; s verse form is an epilogue to what he compares to a drama: It is written after a foray is over and is a contemplation of what Spender has witnessed. Sankichi # 8217 ; s poem possesses immediateness because his narrative begins at the minute of explosion. Spender focuses his attending on the metropolis of London as a whole. This point of view is possible because he had already experient months of barrage and had tried to divide himself mentally from the events transpirating around him. Critic A.K. Weatherhead noted that Spender # 8217 ; s verse forms are # 8220 ; detached from the mundane things of the universe # 8221 ; ( 323 ) . This is evidently true for # 8220 ; Epilogue, # 8221 ; and Spender describes his efforts at withdrawal in his autobiography ( 285 ) . He surveys the effects of a # 8220 ; human play # 8221 ; on the metropolis as a whole. Spender inside informations the effects on the West End, around St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedral, and on the psyche of London. Sankichi is caught in the abruptness of the atomic work stoppage. Hiroshima had non suffered months of bombardments as London had. Sankichi was non anticipating the onslaught. Sankichi can non afford to mime Spender # 8217 ; s withdrawal. # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; is non a intentionally designed contemplation like # 8220 ; Epilogue. # 8221 ; Alternatively, it is a panicky recording of a rapid assault of helter-skelter images. # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; depicts merely what is happening in the writer # 8217 ; s immediate locality. The surprise and abruptness of the bombardment prevent Sankichi from appraising the harm on a broad graduated table. He is excessively aghast and confused to believe about anything except what is in his immediate field of vision. Aside from difference in point of views, these two verse forms differ significantly in manner. Spender writes # 8220 ; Epilogue # 8221 ; in a series of stanzas. Possessing no rhyming or rhythmic form, the stanzas are alternatively divided by subject. The first stanza describes physical harm to London. Daiches # 8217 ; s remark that Spender # 8220 ; could demo a quiet descriptive control in descriptive or confessional poetry # 8221 ; is obvious in this stanza ( 322 ) . Spender paints a verbal wall painting of when # 8220 ; the gas brinies burned bluish and gilded / And stucco and brick were pulverized to a cloud / Pungent with odors of mice, dust, Allium sativum, anxiousness # 8221 ; ( 2-4 ) . These descriptions provide emotional fuel for his accusals in the undermentioned stanza. In the 2nd stanza Spender discusses his sentiment that this devastation could hold been prevented. In lines ten through 12 he states that, # 8220 ; Then the one voice through deserted streets / Was t he Cassandra bell which rang an vitamin D rang and ran / Released at last by clip, † comparing the air raid warning to the prophesier Cassandra, whose anticipations were ever true but neer heeded. In his autobiography, Spender explicitly states that Hitler could hold been stopped in the 1930s and that the war could hold been easy avoided ( 202 ) . The 3rd stanza discusses London’s resiliency and leads into the metaphor of the catastrophe as a play. Spender notes that â€Å"London burned with tough-minded dignity† ( 16 ) . St. Paul’s Cathedral is used in the stanza to typify that self-respect. On December 29, 1940, the cathedral stood virtually unharmed as edifices environing it were consumed by blazings. Emergency crews around the cathedral noticed that an arsonist was lodged in the building’s dome, readily to fall indoors and destruct the centuries-old church. To everyone’s astonishment, the arsonist fell the other manner and rolled off the dome onto the street below, go fo rthing the cathedral intact ( Jablonski 146 ) . This intension provides the power behind Spender’s usage of the cathedral as a metaphor for London’s self-respect. The concluding stanza is the metaphor of the bombardment as a drama. Spender makes London, place to countless phases, as a expansive phase on which â€Å"there were heroes, maidens, saps, / Victims, a Chorus† ( 27-28 ) . He defines the actions of the participants. â€Å"The heroes, † presumptively the RAF, fight courageously. â€Å"The fools† attempt to do visible radiation of the state of affairs with gags. â€Å"The victims† delay for aid. â€Å"The Chorus, † who are the voluntary alleviation crews, aid victims make sense of the fortunes by â€Å"Praising the heroes, deploring the ethical motives of the wicked / Underlining penalty, warranting Doom to Truth† ( 34-35 ) . While # 8220 ; Epilogue # 8221 ; is brooding and deliberate, # 8220 ; Dying # 8221 ; is immediate and pressing. Sankichi # 8217 ; s manner bears no gloss of order. It begins with dismay and ends with confusion. There is no effort to do sense of what has happened. While Spender uses symbolism, Sankichi has no demand for it. His graphic images of bloodstained pandemonium communicate on much stronger frequences than any possible symbol. There is no thoughtful argument or metaphoric account. Sankichi fires direct descriptions that explain all possible dimensions of panic. The gap lines send the reader hurtling into dismay. Sankichi begins: ! Loud in my ear: shrieks. Noiselessly welling up, swooping on me: infinite, all upside down. ( 1-5 ) The lines are crisp and blunt, reading like the panicky descriptions of a adult male short of breath, which is exactly what they are. Sankichi # 8217 ; s brief but rough poetry arrests the attending of the reader, bludgeoning him with manic word pictures of hurting and pandemonium. The first line, dwelling of merely an exclaiming point, explains a daze so powerful that no words could depict its impact. Sankichi realizes that he is on fire. He douses himself with H2O, and # 8220 ; The apparels I splash H2O on / burn, bead off: / gone # 8221 ; ( 24-26 ) . It is an extra five lines, likely really less than a 2nd, before he realizes that a sheet of liquefied lead is attached to his dorsum. He screams in torment as # 8220 ; Eddies / of fire and fume / blow down on my broken caput # 8221 ; ( 36-38 ) . Sankichi succeeds in conveying horror by non depicting the horror. He merely depict what is atrocious: He does non necessitate to state that it is atrocious for the reader to understand the feeling. Sankichi describes # 8220 ; stomachs distended like great membranophones # 8221 ; along the route ( 56 ) . He sees spots of flesh, an orb, and encephalon affair. As the reader becomes overwhelmed by these awful images, so does Sankichi. His organic structure still shrilling with hurting, he falls to the land. His daze rapidly becomes confusion. Sankichi # 8217 ; s last lines are: Why? Why here by the side of the route cut off, beloved, from you ; why must I dice ? ( 78-86 ) These two plants and writers take really different attacks to the devastation happening around them. Spender is detached and brooding ; Sankichi is involved and immediate. They do, nevertheless, portion confusion as to what is go oning to their several metropoliss. Spender, appraising the harm, realizes this could hold been prevented. Sankichi, witnessing impossible horror, merely asks # 8220 ; Why? # 8221 ; ( 78 ) . Each of these verse forms serve as a testament to readers who have neer experienced war of the frequently imagined but neer to the full appreciated costs of war and adult male # 8217 ; s inhumaneness to adult male. Plants Cited Bruckner, Karl. The Day of the Bomb. Trans. French republics Lobb. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company Inc. , 1962, 98-99. Daiches, David. The Present Age in British Literature. N.p. : Indiana University Press, 1958, 48-49. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1973, 322. Hersey, John. Hiroshima. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. , 1946, 30. Jablonski, Edward. Panic from the Sky. New York: Doubleday and Company, 1971, 144-148. Sankichi, Toge. Introduction. # 8220 ; Dying. # 8221 ; by Sankichi. Trans. Richard H. Minear. Poems for the Millennium: The University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry Volume Two. Ed. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998, 29. Sankichi, Toge. # 8220 ; Dying. # 8221 ; Trans. Richard H. Minear. Poems for the Millennium: The University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry Volume Two. Ed. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998, 29-31. Spender, Stephen. # 8220 ; Epilogue to a Human Drama. # 8221 ; Collected Poems. New York: Random House, 1955, 134-135. Spender, Stephen. World Within World: The Autobiography of Stephen Spender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. Weatherhead, A.K. # 8220 ; Stephen Spender: Lyric Impulse and Will. # 8221 ; Comtemporary Literature. Vol. 12, No. 4. N.p. : Regents of the University of Wisconsin, 1971, 451-465. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1973, 323. 35c

Diabeties essays

Diabeties essays Diabetes is considered by some in the medical field as a silent killer, which can become loud if the person lets it. By not knowing your status or getting your status late it could have the person suffer some serious medical injury to the body. If detected early it can be handled accordingly. For a person to deal with this disease seems more like a nuisance than a pain. Because they always have to take pills, remember to take their insulin shots and they have to eat, right, which I know, can be a nuisance but I guess a person must do what they have to do to live. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes continues to be a mystery, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles. There are 18.2 million people in the United States, or 6.3% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 13 million have been diagnosed, unfortunately, 5.2 million people (or nearly one-third) are unaware that they have the disease. There are three major type of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and Pre-Diabetes. This is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cell ...